Attitudes and Beliefs of Wild Boar Hunters in Croatia Towards Preventing and Controlling African Swine Fever

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of domestic pigs and wild boars, with severe economic and ecological consequences. Wild boar hunters play a critical role in the early detection and control of ASF due to their direct interaction with wild boar populations. This study examined the attitudes, knowledge, and behaviour of wild boar hunters in Croatia regarding ASF prevention and control, with a focus on the influence of sociodemographic factors, hunting experience, and participation in training programmes. An online survey of 276 wild boar hunters from an ASF-affected county in Croatia was conducted between October and December 2024. Results indicate that 93.5% of wild boar hunters are aware of ASF and its risks, relying primarily on internet sources for information. Experienced and higher-educated wild boar hunters demonstrated greater confidence in recognising ASF symptoms and stronger support for preventive measures, education, and institutional cooperation. Factor analysis revealed three main dimensions shaping attitudes: communication and awareness, institutional capacity, and regulatory policies. The results emphasise the importance of continuous education, transparent communication and participatory approaches to strengthen cooperation with hunters and improve ASF control. They also emphasise the need for targeted, evidence-based communication strategies that actively involve hunters in surveillance and reporting. Tailored educational materials and digital communication could increase carcass reporting, improve early detection and increase the overall effectiveness of ASF control programmes.