Variedad de la presentación citogenética en el síndrome de Turner, prenatal y postnatal

Abstract

Background: Turner syndrome is caused by the complete or partial absence of chromosome X and has a great variety in their cytogenetic presentation. Objectives: To determine the variety of cytogenetic presentation and the presence of differences between cases diagnosed in uterus and postnatally, in patients with Turner syndrome at two reference laboratories of Cali, Colombia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. We included patients with cytogenetic diagnosis of Turner syndrome performed between 2000 and 2012 at cytogenetic laboratories of Universidad del Valle and a genetic institute in Cali, Colombia. The information of karyotype result, type of sample and the diagnosis moment was collected, determining frequencies and statistical associations. Results: 181 patients with Turner's chromosomic presentation; 69 were diagnosed in uterus, the other as live newborns, infants or adults. Chromosomal formula 45X0 was found in 95.6[%] of cases with prenatal diagnosis and 58[%] of postnatal diagnosis. Fisher's test was applied, comparing the cytogenetic presentations of prenatal and postnatal diagnosis, statistically significant difference in the distribution of the two populations evaluated was found (p<0.001). Conclusions: There are significant differences in the karyotypes of patients with ST diagnosed in utero, compared to those diagnosed in postnatal life. We hypothesize that this difference would have a biological explanation due to a higher probability of death in utero by the complete absence of chromosome X.