High-resolution neutron structure of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Abstract

The structure of the free-acid form of the coenzyme NAD+ was determined at 100 K from a single-crystal neutron experiment. NAD+ is the oxidized form of the coenzyme redox pair NAD+/NADH and plays an important role in the catalysis of biological processes. The molecule crystallizes in space group P1 with one NAD+ and four water molecules per unit cell. The structure is compared with the previous X-ray models of NAD+ [Reddy et al. (1981), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 907-914; Parthasarathy & Fridey (1984b), Science, 226, 969-971; Guillot et al. (2000), Acta Cryst. C56, 726-728]. The crystal packing and the hydrogen-bond pattern are discussed as well as four short C - H···O contacts involving the pyridine and adenine rings. The structure displays stereochemical distortions owing to the hydrogen bonding and crystal-packing constraints, reflecting the adaptability of the NAD+ molecule in various chemical environments.