Prediction of fetal lung maturity in infants of diabetic mothers using the FLM S/A and disaturated phosphatidylcholine tests

Abstract

The authors evaluated the performance of the amniotic fluid surfactant to albumin ratio (FLM S/A), and disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) tests in assessing fetal lung maturity in infants of mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus antedating pregnancy. The distribution of the study population (n = 180) by class of diabetes was class B (27%); class C (28%); class D (29%); classes F, FR and T (8%); and class R patients (8%). The diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was the standard for evaluating the performance of FLM S/A and DSPC. The mean estimated gestational age was 37.4 weeks. Three infants (1.7%) were diagnosed with RDS. All three were delivered before 36 weeks. FLM S/A at the cut-off for 'maturity' of ≥70 mg/g, had a sensitivity of 66.6%, specificity of 94.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 18.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.4%. DSPC at the cut-off for 'maturity' of 1,000 μg/dL, had identical sensitivity and NPV, but lower specificity (89.2%) and PPV (9.5%) than FLM S/A. Both tests mispredicted maturity in the same case of RDS. The false 'mature' rate of FLM S/A was 0.6% (95% confidence interval 0.0%3.2%). The FLM S/A result of ≥70 mg/g, obtained at or near-term, is a reliable predictor of the absence of RDS in infants of mothers with diabetes mellitus antedating pregnancy.