Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: An underdiagnosed entity posing diagnostic challenges

Abstract

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare malignancy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Histologically, this tumor consists of mature and immature components of epithelial, mesenchymal and neuroectodermal origin, which may be present in varying proportions. This morphological heterogeneity often leads to misdiagnosis, particularly in biopsies. These patients have dismal prognosis, with frequent recurrences and short mean survival periods. Due to its rarity, clinical characteristics and optimal therapy are not well-characterized. We report a case of SNTCS with intracranial extension, which was treated with surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy. Knowledge of this entity is necessary for accurate diagnosis and proper management.