Determining Factors of Grain Size in Bainite Structure of Fe–2Mn–C Alloys

Abstract

Effects of transformation temperature and carbon content on the effective grain bounded by high-angle boundary, i.e., “Bain size”, in bainite structure are studied in Fe–2Mn–(0.05–0.75)C (mass%) alloys transformed isothermally between 773 and 673 K. Bainitic ferrite (BF) nucleates at austenite (γ) grain boundary with strong variant selection for carbon content less than 0.2 mass%, resulting in formation of coarse BF regions consisting of the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) variants belonging to the same Bain variant. As temperature is lowered, K–S variant pairs with large misorientation are frequently formed. Variant selection at γ grain boundary becomes weaker for higher carbon content due to frequent intragranular nucleation particularly at 673 K. The Bain size decreases generally as transformation temperature is lowered, which is ≈15 μm at 773 K but down to ≈5 μm at 673 K, and also slightly decreases at 773 K with increasing carbon content. At lower temperatures, it decreases with the increase of carbon content in low carbon range less than 0.2 mass%C but inversely increases in higher carbon range. The observed changes in the variant paring and the Bain size are well understood in terms of the driving force of BF formation and self-accommodation of transformation strain.