Nurses’ perceptions, experience and knowledge regarding artificial intelligence: results from a cross-sectional online survey in Germany

Abstract

Background: Nursing faces increasing pressure due to changing demographics and a shortage of skilled workers. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers an opportunity to relieve nurses and reduce pressure. The perception of AI by nurses is crucial for successful implementation. Due to a limited research state, our study aims to investigate nurses’ knowledge and perceptions of AI. Methods: In June 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey of nurses in Bavaria, Germany. A convenience sample via care facilities was used for the questionnaire oriented on existing AI surveys. Data analysis was performed descriptively, and we used a template analysis to evaluate free-text answers. Results: 114 (♀67.5 %, ♂32.5 %) nurses participated. Results show that knowledge about AI is limited, as only 25.2 % can be described as AI experts. German nurses strongly associate AI with (i) computers and hardware, (ii) programming-based software, (iii) a database tool, (iv) learning, and (v) making decisions. Two-thirds of nurses report AI as an opportunity. Concerns arise as AI is seen as uncontrollable or threat. Administration staff are seen as the biggest profiteers. Conclusion: Even though there is a lack of clear understanding of AI technology among nurses, the majority recognizes the benefits that AI can bring in terms of relief or support. We suggest that nurses should be better prepared for AI in the future, e.g., through training and continuing education measures. Nurses are the working group that uses AI and are crucial for implementing nursing AI.