Revealing key parameters to minimize the diameter of polypropylene fibers produced in the melt electrospinning process

Abstract

This study deals with the subject of optimizing the melt electrospinning process of polypropylene with the aim of producing nanoscale fibers. A feasibility study with two polypropylene types and different additives to adapt the material composition is performed. The polypropylene types are of different molar masses to adapt the viscosity to the process. The used additives, sodium stearate and Irgastat® P 16, have a positive effect on the electrical conductivity of the polymer melt. In addition, process parameter optimization is done by varying the climate chamber temperature, using different collector voltages and varying the nozzle-collector distance. A strong influence of the climate chamber temperature has been proven and leads to a desired temperature of 100°C. The fiber diameter is dependent on process parameters, material melt viscosity and electrical conductivity. With optimized process and material parameters, the fiber diameter could be minimized to a median value of 210 nm.