Effect of Medication Intake on Dental Implant-Related Outcomes—A Scoping Review

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to evaluate the effect of systemic medications on dental implant outcomes in medically compromised patients. Material and Methods: Electronic and manual searches were conducted for this scoping review. Clinical studies reporting on systemic medication intake and implant outcomes were eligible. Studies reporting on the use of antiresorptive medications were not included in this scoping review. Qualitative evaluation was performed as meta-analysis was not feasible due to study heterogeneity. Results: Overall, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for assessment. Six medications were identified to potentially impact the short- and long-term implant outcomes. In total, 8 studies reported the intake of anti-hypertensives (AHTNs), 9 studies reported the intake of anticoagulants (ACs), 12 studies reported the intake of immunosuppressants (IMNs), 11 studies reported the intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), 12 studies reported the intake of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), and 12 studies reported the intake of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Moreover, 1 study reported pooled data regarding the use of PPIs, SSRIs, AHTNs, and statins. From these, the following results were drawn: ACs, long-term NSAID use, prolonged use of PPIs, and SSRIs are associated with increased risk of implant failure and/or marginal bone loss. Additionally, AHTNs and IMNs have no effect on implant-related outcomes. Medication-related biological implant complications are underreported in the literature. Conclusion: Medication intake can significantly influence implant-related outcomes.