Examining the burden of mental disorders in Jordan: an ecological study over three decades

Abstract

Background: Mental disorders are a major public health issue, causing 4.9% of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In Jordan, factors like regional conflicts, economic changes, and population growth contribute to this burden. This study examines the trends and risk factors of mental disorders in Jordan from 1990 to 2021 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data. Methods: We analyzed prevalence, deaths, and DALYs of mental disorders from the GBD 2021 dataset, reporting both all-age numbers and age-standardized rates. Key risk factors, including behavioral risks, bullying, childhood sexual abuse, and substance use, were assessed. Results: Mental disorder cases in Jordan rose by 279.8%, from 514,234 in 1990 to 1,953,087 in 2021. Anxiety and depression were the most common in 2021. All-age DALYs increased by 649.6%, while age-standardized DALY rates showed a slight 4.3% rise. Females had higher mental disorder prevalence and DALY rates, while males had higher substance use disorder rates. Behavioral risks, bullying, and childhood sexual abuse were major contributors. Conclusion: The burden of mental disorders in Jordan has grown significantly over three decades. Limited resources, stigma, and regional instability worsen the issue. Policies focusing on stigma reduction, mental health integration, and prevention are essential.