Design and Validation of a Multimodal Diffuse Reflectance and Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy System for In Vivo Applications

Abstract

We report on the development of a multimodal spectroscopy system, combining diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). A fiber optic probe was designed with spatially offset source–detector fibers to collect subsurface measurements for each modality, as well as ball lens-coupled fibers for superficial measurements. The system acquires DRS, zero-offset Raman spectroscopy (RS) and SORS with good signal-to-noise ratio. Measurements on chicken breast tissue demonstrate that both DRS and RS can acquire spectra from similar depths within tissue. Measurements acquired from the skin of a human volunteer demonstrate distinct Raman peaks at 937 and 1755 cm−1 that were unique to the zero-offset ball lens configuration and 718 and 1089 cm−1 for the spatially offset setting. We also identified Raman peaks corresponding to melanin that were prominent in the superficial measurements obtained with the ball lens-coupled fibers but not in the spatially offset fibers.