Using Mixed-Reality Technology to Enhance Miniscrew Implant Insertion Training: A Feasibility Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract

Purpose: Miniscrew implant insertion training conventionally involves hands-on practice using typodont models with relevant surgical armamentariums. However, without access to sophisticated dental models for teaching, visualization of surrounding anatomy is challenging. This mixed-methods study detailed the potential of using a mixed-reality (MR) technology-based educational tool named S.M.I.L.E. (Specialized Mixed-reality Innovative Learning Experience) as a novel approach for teaching the miniscrew implant insertion procedure and how the prototype was improved to address user feedback. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed, and participants were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 13) subjects underwent training using conventional methods, while Group B (n = 14) subjects used S.M.I.L.E. Quantitative data were collected from pre-/post-intervention surveys, a post-intervention assessment, and a postworkshop survey. Qualitative data included free-text responses in the postworkshop survey and transcripts from focus group discussions. Results: Following the MR educational intervention, participants reported a significant improvement in self-perceived competency levels compared to baseline scores. However, no significant variance in self-reported competency levels or assessed competency levels was observed between the two groups. Positive feedback regarding the use of MR included interest incitement from novel technology, a better understanding of the treatment planning process, a realistic clinical setting, systematic guidance, enhanced visualization, and opportunities for repeated training. Negative feedback would be the lack of tactile feedback, steep learning curve, imprecision, and technological glitches experienced. Conclusion: Feedback on the use of S.M.I.L.E yielded mixed results, with identified areas for development. This enabled improvement and enhancements to the prototype so that a more comprehensive training experience for miniscrew implant insertion can be possible in the future.