Neonatal risk factors and incidence of retinopathy of prematurity

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in neonatal intensive care unit. Material and Methods: Cases (n=128) who were hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit were evaluated by retrospective method between January 2015-April 2017. The cases were divided into two groups: Those with and without ROP. Cases were screened for 25 different neonatal risk factors. For analysis Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used. The effect levels were investigated by binary logistic regression analysis. The results of the treated group were evaluated. Results: Different oxygen therapy modalities(free oxygen, nasal-continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and intubation] increased the risk of ROP (p=0.000 for each). The last two of them were found to be independent risk factors (odds= 1.223 and 1.408, respectively). Pneumothorax, BPD and RDS increased the risk (p=0.050, p=0.000, p=0.002, respectively). Surfactant (odds=0.038) observed as an independent risk factor. Transfusion (p=0.000), resuscitation (p=0.013), APGAR 1st and 5th minute scores (p=0.001, p=0.000, respectively), prolonged TPN (p=0.000), ICH (p=0.000), caffeine therapy (p=0.037), sepsis (p=0.002) and phenobarbital (p=0.003) were associated with ROP. Anemia (p=0.060), multiple pregnancy (p=0.191), phototherapy (p=0.263), hypotension (p=0.577), inotropic use (p=0.620), hypoglycemia (p=0.905), hypothyroidism (p=0.947), NEC (p=0.661) and PDA (p=0.150) were not associated with ROP. Diode laser photocoagulation was performed in 12 cases, intravitreal injection in 8 cases, and combined treatment in 2 cases. No complications were observed. Conclusion: The most important risk factors in the development of ROP are duration of intubation and nasal cpap and surfactant therapy together with gestational week and weight.