Self-harm and risk of motor vehicle crashes in youth: the DRIVE prospective cohort study

Abstract

This paper describes how some crashes, particularly single vehicle crashes, may result from intentional self-harm behavior but research on this topic is very limited. Self-harm is the deliberate injuring of oneself and includes actions such as cutting, attempted hanging and poisoning. This study aimed to assess the risk that intentional self-harm poses for prospective motor vehicle crashes among novice drivers. Questionnaire responses from 20,822 newly licensed drivers aged 17 to 24 were prospectively linked to licensing and police-reported crash data and the mean follow-up was 2 years. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to investigate the role of recent self-harm on the risk of crash, which takes into account potential confounders including driving exposure, duration of sleep, remoteness of residence, socio-economic status, psychological symptoms and substance abuse. A total of 871 drivers reported engaging in self-harm in the year before the survey. Self-harm was more common among youth who were women, Australian-born, living in rural areas, driving more per week, sleeping less and using drugs and alcohol. Young people who reported engaging in self-harm behavior were at significantly increased risk of crash. This first and largest ever study of the relationship between self-harm and crash in young drivers found self-harm to be a predictor of subsequent motor vehicle crash, with most crashes involving multiple vehicles.