Developing Relational Communication Models in Online Learning to Support Sustainable Development Goals 4: Quality Education

Abstract

Objective: This study explores the development of a Relational Communication Model (RCM) in online learning environments to support Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4: Quality Education. Unlike previous research that primarily examined interactive communication strategies, this study expands the discussion by incorporating relational control mechanisms and multi-stakeholder collaboration, aiming to enhance student engagement and sustainable digital education.   Theoretical Framework: This research is grounded in relational communication theories (Canary & Stafford, 1994) and relational control frameworks (Willer et al., 2017 providing a framework for understanding structured teacher-student interactions in digital education.   Method: A qualitative case study was conducted at an elementary school in Indonesia, employing in-depth interviews, non-participant observations, and document analysis. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify key patterns in relational communication.   Results and Discussion: Findings reveal that a structured Relational Communication Model (RCM), integrating relational control, relationship maintenance, and adaptive communication strategies, plays a crucial role in fostering student engagement and improving learning outcomes. The study highlights the shift from a hierarchical teacher-student relationship to a more dynamic and participatory framework, ensuring inclusivity and personalization in online learning.   Research Implications: This research contributes to digital education studies by providing a structured Relational Communication Model that can be adapted to various online learning contexts, ensuring sustainable and high-quality education in alignment with SDG 4.   Originality/Value: This study goes beyond traditional interactive strategies by introducing a systematic relational communication framework, positioning relational control as a key component in enhancing engagement and long-term learning effectiveness in digital education.