Exploring barriers to formal mental health help-seeking among Iranian adolescent girls: a qualitative study using the PRECEDE model

Abstract

Many adolescents face mental health challenges but are often hesitant to seek help. This qualitative study investigates barriers that deter Iranian adolescent girls from seeking support, drawing insights from students, parents, and teachers. Using directed content analysis based on the PRECEDE model in female high schools of Behbahan City, Iran. Data were collected through focus group discussions with 72 participants until saturation was reached. Seven categories emerged, categorized into three themes: predisposing factors (knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and perceived norms), enabling factors that hinder or augment seeking help (limited resources and coping style), and reinforcing factors that buttress seeking help (social support). Findings indicate a pressing need for comprehensive educational initiatives at individual and community levels. Proposed solutions include public awareness campaigns and culturally tailored programmes aimed at improving mental health knowledge and attitudes among community members, as well as professional development for mental health professionals to better support these adolescents.