Dipole polarizability calculation of the Cd atom: Inconsistency with experiment

Abstract

Three earlier relativistic coupled-cluster (RCC) calculations of dipole polarizability (αd) of the Cd atom are not in good agreement with the available experimental value of 49.65(1.65)ea03. Among these two are finite-field approaches in which the relativistic effects have been included approximately, while the other calculation uses a four-component perturbed RCC method. However, another work adopting an approach similar to the latter perturbed RCC method gives a result very close to that of experiment. The major difference between these two perturbed RCC approaches lies in their implementation. To resolve this ambiguity, we have developed and employed the relativistic normal coupled-cluster (RNCC) theory to evaluate the αd value of Cd. The distinct features of the RNCC method are that the expression for the expectation value in this approach terminates naturally and that it satisfies the Hellmann-Feynman theorem. In addition, we determine this quantity in the finite-field approach in the framework of a four-component relativistic coupled-cluster theory. Considering the results from both approaches, we arrive at a reliable value of αd=46.02(50)ea03. We also demonstrate that the contribution from the triples excitations in this atom is significant.