Geographic routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) using hybrid optimization model: a multi-objective perspective

Abstract

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is the collection of mobile nodes, which might act as the hosts and routers in an ad hoc network. They can self-organize dynamically without using any pre-established communications. Mobile nodes alter their position based on certain constraints while transmitting the packets. Here, the location or position-based routing is essential to transmit the packet which intends to enhance the network lifetime. This paper proposes the implementation of a new geographic routing protocol in MANET, where the optimal route selection process is carried out by Hybrid Roxes Whale Optimization (HRWO) algorithm that hybridizes the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Rock Hyraxes Swarm Optimization (RHSO) algorithm. Moreover, the optimal routing is done by considering several parameters like the average distance between nodes (mobility-related information based on the location), delay, link lifetime, risk evaluation, and packet loss, respectively. At the end, the performance of the adopted routing approach is evaluated over other traditional schemes based on various metrics like average distance, packet loss, delay, risk, and link lifetime, respectively.