Orthopaedic interventions in occipital horn syndrome: a rare case of mutation in ATP7A gene

Abstract

Background: Occipital horn syndrome is a rare, X-linked recessive, connective tissue disorder caused by abnormal copper transporter proteins coded by the ATP7A gene. 32 cases have been reported worldwide to date. Clinically, patients typically present with inguinal hernia, exostosis, cutis laxa, and bladder diverticula. Orthopaedic problems often include exostosis of the elbows, thoracolumbar scoliosis, thoracic cavity deformities, and joint hypermobility due to joint laxity. Case presentation: An 18-year-old presented with occipital horn syndrome and was treated for flat-valgus foot and posterior dislocation of the elbow joints. Due to collagen structure abnormalities, vulnerability to joint deformation makes treating patients with occipital horn syndrome challenging as they need complex orthopaedic intervention. Conclusion: There is no effective causal therapy for this condition. Surgical procedures can help patients improve their physical condition and maintain adequate joint range of motion.