Evaluating Psychological Skills of Japanese Amateur Baseball Referees

Abstract

Psychological skills of amateur Japanese baseball referees were investigated based on whether or not they were qualified as a referee. A questionnaire to evaluate the psychological skills of referees was administered to referees (N = 218). Results indicated no differences in the psychological skills based on their qualifications. Also, examining the relationship between the age and years of experience and psychological skill indicated that “Self-control” and “Communication” skills were higher in older referees with longer experience (p < .01). It is suggested that experience might be needed to improve psychological skills. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between “Expressive power”, “Confidence” and “Concentration”.