Association Between Depression and Polypharmacy in Older Adults—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Depression and polypharmacy are both common among older adults and may be closely interrelated. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between depression and polypharmacy by searching EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from inception to 18 May 2023. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022343619). Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, with six rated high quality and two medium quality. Pooled analysis using a random-effects model demonstrated a strong association between depression and polypharmacy (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.88–3.29; I² = 83%). Subgroup analyses revealed consistently elevated associations in both community-based and institutional/clinic-based populations. Conclusions: Depression is associated with polypharmacy among older adults. These findings underscore the importance of integrating mental health assessment into medication management strategies for older adults.