The High Ratio of [TSUP]44[/TSUP]T[CLC]i[/CLC]/[TSUP]56[/TSUP]N[CLC]i[/CLC] in Cassiopeia A and the Axisymmetric Collapse-driven Supernova Explosion

Abstract

The large abundance ratio of 44Ti/56Ni in Cassiopeia A is puzzling. In fact, the ratio seems to be larger than the theoretical constraint derived by Woosley & Hoffman. However, this constraint is obtained on the assumption that the explosion is spherically symmetric, whereas Cas A is famous for the asymmetric form of the remnant. Recently, Nagataki et al. calculated the explosive nucleosynthesis of axisymmetrically deformed collapse-driven supernova. They reported that the ratio of 44Ti/56Ni was enhanced by the stronger alpha-rich freezeout in the polar region. In this Letter, we apply these results to Cas A and examine whether this effect can explain the large amount of 41Ti and the large ratio of 44Ti/56Ni. We demonstrate that the conventional, spherically symmetric explosion model cannot explain the 44Ti mass produced in Cas A if its lifetime is shorter than ~80 yr and the intervening space is transparent to the gamma-ray line from the decay of 44Ti. On the other hand, we show that the axisymmetric explosion models can solve the problem. We expect the same effect from a three-dimensionally asymmetric explosion, since the stronger alpha-rich freezeout will also occur in that case in the region where the larger energy is deposited.