Soil and water ecosystem services of agroforestry

Abstract

Degraded soil and water affects life by reducing food, clean water, and habitat (Lal 2010; Montgomery 2007; Wall and Six 2015). Sustainable land use practices to ensure soil and water quality are actively promoted by government agencies, but voluntary producer adoption rates are still low. Garibaldi et al. (2021) argue for the restoration of native habitats within working landscapes to at least 20% of land for benefits to food security, nature's contributions to people, and associated ecosystem services (ES).