Qualidade de vida e custos diretos em pacientes com blefaroespasmo essencial e espasmo hemifacial, tratados com toxina botulínica-A

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate both the costs and the impact on the quality of life of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm patients treated with botulinum toxin-A. Methods: 28 patients (16 essential blepharospasm and 12 hemifacial spasm), treated with BTX-A, were evaluated by means of two research tools, namely Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Healthy Survey, and Fahn Disability Rating Scale. The costs were mainly calculated on the basis of the toxin units used by each patient during a one-year period. Results: The total estimated direct cost was estimated at 1,081.62 reais per year (±89.39) for essential blepharospasm and 618.06 reais per year (±60.06) for hemifacial spasm, at an outpatient level (p<0.001). Before treatment all domains of SF-36 were significantly worse in both diseases. Under effective treatment with botulinum toxin-A the increases in the indices of SF-36 show changes in the general health rates of the population under study, with a statistically significant difference between the pre and post answers (p<0.05). In relating SF-36 with the Fahn Disability Rating Scale, the essential blepharospasm cases showed significant positive relationships (functional capacity, general health, emotional aspect and social aspects) while in the hemifacial spasm patients no correlation was found. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a remarkable negative impact of both diseases on the quality of life of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm patients, as well as a significant improvement of both diseases after botulinum toxin-A treatment. Furthermore, the research data seem to justify the high costs of botulinum toxin-A treatment in view of its considerable benefits regarding the patients' quality of life.