Character distribution and phylogeny of the dissorophid temnospondyls

Abstract

The phylogeny of the largely Permian temnospondyl group Dissorophidae` is analyzed for the first time. Although hampered by poor preservation and incompleteness of finds, new data add substantially to our knowledge of the group. An analysis of 25 taxa and 70 characters gave the following results. (1) The Dissorophidae and Trematopidae each form monophyletic groups that are more closely related to one another than either of them is to amphibamids. Olsoniformes and Amphibamidae are each defined by clear-cut autapomorphies, making it unlikely that amphibamids are dwarfed dissorophids or olsoniforms. (2) Ecolsonia nests with Fedexia at the base of the Trematopidae. (3) The Dissorophidae falls into two major clades, the Dissorophinae sensu stricto (Dissorophus, Broiliellus) and the Cacopinae (Cacops, Kamacops, Zygosaurus). The Cacopinae is much better supported than the Dissorophinae. Platyhystrix and Aspidosaurus form successive sister taxa of all other dissorophids. Incompletely known dissorophids were found to nest as follows: (a) Brevidorsum, the Admiral Taxon and Rio Arriba Taxon at the base of the Cacopinae and (b) Conjunctio multidens forms an unresolved trichotomy with dissorophines and cacopines. The significance of osteoderms in dissorophid phylogeny is found to be much smaller than hitherto considered. ©2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.