Stability analysis and dual solutions of micropolar nanofluid over the inclined stretching/shrinking surface with convective boundary condition

Abstract

The present study accentuates the heat transfer characteristics of a convective condition of micropolar nanofluid on a permeable shrinking/stretching inclined surface. Brownian and thermophoresis effects are also involved to incorporate energy and concentration equations. Moreover, linear similarity transformation has been used to transform the system of governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical comparison has been done with the previously published results and found in good agreement graphically and tabular form by using the shooting method in MAPLE software. Dual solutions have been found in the specific range of shrinking/stretching surface parameters and the mass suction parameter for the opposing flow case. Moreover, the skin friction coefficient, the heat transfer coefficient, the couple stress coefficient, and the concentration transfer rate decelerate in both solutions against the mass suction parameter for the augmentation of the micropolar parameter respectively. The first (second) solution is the stable (unstable) solution and can (not) be considered as a real solution as the values of the smallest eigenvalues are positive (negative).