Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Manufaktur Indonesia di Pasar Global

Abstract

International trade plays a strategic role in driving economic growth, especially for developing countries like Indonesia. Manufacturing exports are a key driver of added value creation, employment, and foreign exchange earnings. However, despite significant export potential, their contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) tends to stagnate due to low levels of innovation, product quality, and competitiveness in the global market. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian manufacturing exports to identify leading and lagging sectors. The method used combines the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) approach to measure comparative advantage, the Export Competitiveness Index (ECI) to assess market share dynamics, and the Trade Specialization Index (ISP) to determine Indonesia's position as a net exporter or importer. The analysis was conducted on 15 categories of manufactured goods based on the Harmonized System (HS) code using export data from 2001–2023. The results show that Indonesia's manufacturing competitiveness is heterogeneous. Several product groups, such as Other Chemical Products, Rubber, Knitted Apparel, Non-Knitted Apparel, Iron and Steel, and Electrical Equipment, have strong comparative advantages, relatively stable market shares, and act as net exporters. Conversely, product groups such as Organic Chemicals, Pharmaceutical Products, Plastics, Other Finished Textiles, Iron and Steel Products, Machinery, Motor Vehicles, Aircraft, and Furniture exhibit weak competitiveness and tend to be net importers. These findings indicate the need for an integrated strategy to strengthen industrial downstreaming, increase innovation, improve quality standards, and restructure weak sectors. Furthermore, reducing dependence on imported raw materials and creating a stable investment climate are crucial prerequisites. With appropriate policies, the productivity and efficiency of Indonesia's manufacturing sector can increase, enabling it to compete more effectively in the global market and contribute significantly to national economic growth.