Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Chronic Pouchitis—A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background and Aims: Pouchitis is the most common long-term complication after ileal-pouch anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in chronic antibiotic dependent and refractory pouchitis. Methods: Multiple databases were searched through April 2022 for studies that reported the efficacy and safety of FMT in patients with chronic pouchitis. Meta-analysis using random effects model was performed to calculate pooled rates. Results: Eight studies with a total of 89 patients were included in our review, with 74 patients having received FMT and 15 patients having received placebo. The mean age ranged from 32.6 to 51.5 years. In patients that received FMT, the pooled rates of overall remission was (Pouchitis Disease Activity Index score < 7) 22% (95% CI, 9%–43%; I2, 29%), clinical remission was 20% (95% CI, 6%–49%; I2, 25%), clinical response rate was 42% (95% CI, 30%–54%; I2, 7%), and the relapse rate 60% (95% CI, 40%–77%, I2 16%) over the mean follow up of 4.67 months (range 1–12 months). The pooled proportion of patients with adverse events was 54% (95% CI, 21%–84%; I2, 73%). There were no serious adverse events or deaths. Conclusion: In patients with chronic pouchitis, FMT is safe though there are mixed results in terms of its long-term efficacy. Future Randomized Controlled Trials with larger sample sizes and greater standardization in terms of preparation, delivery, and length of treatment of FMT are needed to determine efficacy.