Global Health Economics

Abstract

Description based upon print version of record. 3.2. What types of decisions does this guide inform? This book contains a collection of works showcasing the latest research into global health economics conducted by leading experts in the field from the Centre for Health Economics (CHE) at the University of York and other partner research institutions. Each chapter focuses upon an important topic in global health economics and a number of separate research projects. The discussion delves into health care policy evaluation; economic evaluation; econometric and other analytic methods; health equity and universal health coverage; consideration of cost-effectiveness thresholds and opportunity costs in the health sector; health system challenges and possible solutions; and others. Case study examples from a variety of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) settings are also showcased in the final part of this volume. The research presented seeks to contribute toward increasing understanding on how health policy can be enhanced to improve the welfare of LMIC populations. It is strongly recommended for public health policymakers and analysts in low- and middle-income country settings and those affiliated to international health organizations and donor organizations. Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- About the Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1. Background -- 2. Objectives -- 3. Organization of the Book -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Funding Acknowledgments -- Editorial -- Global Health Economics Research and Policymaking: A Perspective from a Global Health Think Tank -- References -- Part 1 Health Care Provision and Health -- Chapter 1 Assessing the Impact of Health Care Expenditures on Mortality Using Cross-Country Data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. BGG model -- 2.2. MSS model -- 2.3. A hybrid model -- 2.3.1. Data structure 2.3.2. Outcome variables -- 2.3.3. Health care expenditure -- 2.3.4. Instrumental variables -- 2.3.5. Covariates -- 3. Data -- 3.1. Data imputation -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Replication results -- 4.1.1. Replication of BGG -- 4.1.2. Sensitivity checks -- 4.1.3. Replication of MSS -- 4.1.4. Sensitivity checks -- 4.2. Hybrid model analysis -- 4.2.1. Hybrid model analysis BGG: The "traditional IV approach" -- 4.2.2. Sensitivity checks -- 4.2.3. Streamlined model analysis MSS: The "Brückner IV approach" -- 4.2.4. Sensitivity checks -- 4.3. Specification and robustness checks -- 5. Discussion 5.1. Data limitations -- 5.2. Methodological limitations -- 5.3. Policy implications -- 5.4. Implications for future research -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part 2 Economic Evaluation -- Chapter 2 Allocating Scarce Resources -- Tools for Priority Setting -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Understanding Available Priority Setting Tools for Use in LMICs -- 2.1. Review of priority setting tools -- 2.1.1. Cost-benefit analysis -- 2.1.2. Cost-effectiveness analysis -- 2.1.3. Generalized cost-effectiveness analysis -- 2.1.4. Extended cost-effectiveness analysis -- 2.1.5. Multicriteria decision analysis 2.1.6. Mathematical programming -- 3. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 3 Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds: Guiding Health Care Spending for Population Health Improvement -- Summary -- 1. Part 1: Introduction -- 2. Part 2. Deciding When to Invest in Health Care Interventions -- A Guide for Policymakers -- 2.1. Who is this guide for? -- 2.2. What is the challenge facing policymakers and budget holders? -- 2.3. What assessments are required when choosing a cost-effectiveness threshold for use within a jurisdiction or by an organization? 2.4. Contrasting demand-side and supply-side estimates of CETs -- 2.5. What estimates of suitable thresholds for particular jurisdictions or organizations are available? -- 2.6. What CETs should be used if interventions draw upon resources not generally available for use across the whole health sector? -- 2.7. Are there other judgements, in addition to supply-side-based CETs, that are required when deciding whether to invest in particular interventions? -- 3. Part 3: Informing Health Care Investment Decisions -- A Guide for Analysts -- 3.1. Who is this guide for?