Exploring Cannabidiol’s Role in Regenerative Medicine: Focus on Neural and Skeletal Tissues

Abstract

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic compound found in plants of the Cannabis genus, extensively studied for its therapeutic potential. Research has shown that CBD possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regenerative properties, and may contribute to the recovery of neural and bone tissues. In light of the aging population and the resulting rise in neurodegenerative and osteodegenerative conditions, exploring novel therapeutic strategies that promote cellular regeneration is increasingly important. This review aims to compile and critically analyze key studies published in recent decades regarding the effects of CBD on the regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as bone tissue. Findings from in vivo studies indicate that CBD can attenuate inflammatory responses, inhibit oxidative stress, and modulate cellular pathways involved in tissue repair, thereby supporting neuronal and bone regeneration. Moreover, evidence suggests that CBD may protect cells from structural damage, enhancing the functional recovery of affected tissues. Despite scientific advances highlighting cannabidiol as a promising agent for bone and nerve regeneration, its therapeutic application still faces significant limitations. The primary challenge lies in the lack of robust clinical trials in humans, as most existing evidence is derived from in vitro and in vivo studies, making it difficult to confirm its efficacy and safety in clinical contexts. Additionally, CBD’s low bioavailability—due to first-pass hepatic metabolism—hinders dose standardization and reduces the predictability of therapeutic outcomes. Compounding these issues are regulatory constraints and the persistent social stigma surrounding cannabis-derived compounds, which further impede their integration and acceptance in regenerative medicine. Therefore, future research is essential to validate the therapeutic benefits of CBD and to establish its clinical applicability in treating neurological and bone disorders.