The indispensable role of urinalysis for patients undergoing treatment for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer

Abstract

Despite several efforts in the search for noninvasive biomarkers to provide prognostic information for noninvasive muscle bladder cancer, none have shown significant potential. In this context, standard urinalysis is still necessary to provide many data. This method is an inexpensive, simple, and easy-to-repeat tool to follow-up patients over time. Urinalysis does not fall within study protocols and allows evaluation of the immune activation/response (even if indirectly). As such, this method can certainly provide useful information for prognosis.