Phase space approach to the use of integrator rods and optical arrays in illumination systems

Abstract

Integrator rods and optical arrays are the most frequently used components in illumination design for homogenizing radiation fields. However, these two standard components are very different in their performance and characteristics. This tutorial is aimed to illustrate the operation principle, basic design rules and the performance of those components. It should guide the optical designer towards the optimum choice for the individual illumination application. To illustrate the functionality of integrator rods and optical arrays simultaneously in angle and position, the concept of phase space is introduced. Here the effect of the homogenizing components can nicely be illustrated in the form of phase space transformations. This offers new insight and a different perspective onto the employment and characteristics of those elements.