Plasma interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α can predict coronary endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients

Abstract

Coronary endothelial function is impaired in hypertension; however, the severity of this impairment varies among patients. We aimed to identify the predictors of coronary endothelial dysfunction among clinical variables related to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Twenty-seven untreated, uncomplicated essential hypertensive patients and 10 age-matched healthy controls were studied prospectively. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured by using 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET) at rest and during a cold pressor test (CPT). Coronary vascular resistance (CVR) during CPT was used as a marker of coronary endothelial function. Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerldes, malondlaldehyde-LDL, homeostasis model assessment, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also measured. CVR during CPT was significantly higher In hypertensive patients than in healthy controls (114±26 vs. 94±12 mmHg/[mL/g/min]; p<0.05). By univariate analysis, CVR during CPT was correlated with LDL cholesterol (r=0.38, p<0.05), IL-6 (r=0.46, p<0.02), and TNF-α (r=0.39, p<0.05) in hypertensive patients. By multivariate analysis, IL-6 and TNF-α were significant independent predictors of CVR during CPT. Elevated plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels were independent predictors of coronary endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients. These results suggest that plasma IL-6 and TNF-α might be useful for identifying the high risk subgroup of hypertensive patients with coronary endothelial dysfuncti rovide an important clue to link systemic inflammation to the development of coronary atherosclerosis.