Identification of stability and productivity the local red onion Palu based on the effect of genotype and planting location using a Structural Equation Model (SEM)

Abstract

The effort to find superior varieties is initially by regarding the genotype and location because of these factors contribute to the significance of the interaction between genotype and location (GEI) on productivity. This study is important in plant breeding because the results can be used to predict and to select the genotypes that are stable and adaptable at different planting location. Paying attention to productivity is not sufficient in the GEI analysis to select superior varieties. As a result, a method such as Structural Equation Model (SEM) is needed to explain the effect of genotype and environmental factors on GEI. The obtained results based on the AMMI biplot showed that the genotypes of red onion which have stable productivity at five planting locations, namely Batu (G1) and Sanren F1 (G4). Furthermore, the genotype that is stable planted in five locations is Kawak (G7). The SEM output showed that physical characteristics affect the number of productivity. However, environmental factors such as altitude, soil physical and acid contribute to the productivity of the plant. Finally, we can conclude that the genotypes planted in low locations with soil pH greater than 6 and dusty loam soil conditions will provide more product of red onion with good quality.