Adsorption Kinetics and Evaluation Study of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Impregnated in Polyurethane Matrix for Water Filtration Application

Abstract

A polyurethane (PU) foam composite, loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), was developed for arsenic removal from drinking water at low concentrations. The effect of various synthesis parameters such as the size of IONPs and the foam shape, on the performance of the adsorbents in removing arsenic was investigated. To examine the surface adsorption of arsenic species, Energy Dispersive X-ray Microscopy (EDX) was utilized. Mercury Porosimetry was used to analyze the porosity and density of the PU-IONPs nanocomposites. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) was conducted to measure the arsenic concentration in the treated solutions. Kinetic models were applied to determine the mechanisms which control the adsorption process. A pseudo-second-order model was found to be the best fit model for the adsorption data. Experimental results revealed that decreasing the size of IONPs from 50 - 100 nm to 15 - 20 nm yields a higher removal capacity. In addition, granular adsorbents exhibit higher removal capacity compared to cubical shaped adsorbents in the order of 20% - 100%.