Introduction to Genomics and Genetics

Abstract

Genomic research is a relatively new field in biotechnology, with DNA sequencing as its essential technology. Genomic research is progressing quickly due to the accessibility of advanced technologies, which enables genome-wide sequencing to address biological questions. During the last decade, genomic studies have evolved into potential tools for understanding human disease genetics. It was essential to organize a sequence of 3 billion letter codes in a cost-effective manner after the evolution of the human project. By producing large amounts of sequencing data at a low cost, this breakthrough enabled the emergence of a wide variety of biomedical applications after the completion of the project. For the interpretation of the human genome, these technological advancements have enabled the sequencing of various vertebrate genomes. In addition to allowing the study of vertebrate genome evolution, this sequencing will also benefit human medicine and comparative genomics. The focus of this chapter is to introduce and review the basic aspects of genomics, as well as its role in the pharmaceutical industry.