Behavioral Counseling Guidebook with Discussion Techniques and Positive Reinforcement to Increase High School Students' Self-confidence

Abstract

The large number of students who are still shy about expressing opinions and easily feel nervous when doing something shows that the level of self-confidence of students is still relatively low. To overcome these problems, we need media guidance that can help increase student self-confidence. This research aims to produce a product as a behavioral counseling guidebook with discussion techniques and positive reinforcement to increase student self-confidence. This research belongs to the development research developed using the 4D model through the stages of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The subjects involved in this study were five experts/practitioners in guidance and counseling and 32 high school students. Data collection in the study was carried out using questionnaires online via Google form, with the research instrument as a media validity test sheet. The data obtained in the study were then analyzed using the CVR (Content Validity Ratio), CVI from Lawshe, and the t-test. The results of the research analysis show that the probability value is 0.000. When compared with a significance level of 0.005, this certainly shows that the significance level is greater than the probability of the data. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a behavioral counseling guidebook with discussion techniques and positive reinforcement to increase high school students' self-confidence is feasible to implement and use in the guidance process.