Peer-to-Peer Learning (Peerogy) in Electronics Practice Learning: Adaptation of Andragogy and Heutagogy in Vocational High Schools

Abstract

Vocational electronics education requires learners to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical experience, yet traditional teacher-centered instruction often limits autonomy, collaboration, and meaningful engagement, forming the background of this study. The purpose of the study is to examine how peer-to-peer learning can operationalize andragogical and heutagogical principles in electronics practicum activities. This research employed a case study at a vocational high school in Yogyakarta involving twenty-one electronics teachers and five hundred and four students, with data collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and analysis of project documentation across six practicum sessions as the primary methods. The results show that peerogy facilitates active knowledge sharing, collaborative problem-solving, and reflective practice, supporting the andragogical focus on experience-based and problem-centered learning, while students also demonstrated heutagogical traits such as setting self-determined goals, making independent decisions during practicum work, and evaluating their outcomes autonomously. The conclusions indicate that integrating peerogy with andragogy and heutagogy enhances learner autonomy, critical reflection, and collaborative competence, offering an effective instructional framework for cultivating adaptive, self-directed learners required in the current digital and industrial era.