Molecular Docking of Soybean (Glycine max) Seed and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizome Components as Anti-Diabetic Through Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and Alpha-Glucosidase Enzymes

Abstract

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and alpha-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) are enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Inhibition of these enzymes contribute to blood glucose level suppression. Soybean (Glycine max) seeds and ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome are herbs that have anti-diabetic activity. The mechanism of action, however, has not been thoroughly explored. This study aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic potentials of the chemical components in soybean seeds and ginger rhizome through inhibition activity of DPP-4 and α-glucosidase in silico. Soybean seed and ginger rhizome were extracted using the maceration method with ethanol solvent. Ethanol extract of soybean seeds and ginger rhizome were analysed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The potency of active compounds from the plants on DPP-4 and α-glucosidase were evaluated by in silico study using web-based software (Docking server). Soybean seed were found to contain phytosterols, mainly beta sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and lanosterol. Meanwhile, ginger rhizome was found to contain 6-gingerdiol, 10-gingerol and 12-shogaol. Molecular docking study showed that stigmasterol and 12-shogaol strongly inhibits DPP-4 activity while stigmasterol and 6-Gingerdiol strongly inhibited α-glucosidase. This shows that both soybean seed and ginger rhizome potentially act as an anti-diabetic by inhibiting DPP-4 and α-glucosidase; however, soybean seed is more potent due to its ability to inhibit both of the tested enzymes.