Self-Crystallized Multifunctional 2D Perovskite for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSC) with high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability have been achieved by employing 2D perovskite layers on 3D perovskite light absorbers. However, in-depth studies on the material and the interface between the two perovskite layers are still required to understand the role of the 2D perovskite in PSCs. Self-crystallization of 2D perovskite is successfully induced by deposition of benzyl ammonium iodide (BnAI) on top of a 3D perovskite light absorber. The self-crystallized 2D perovskite can perform a multifunctional role in facilitating hole transfer, owing to its random crystalline orientation and passivating traps in the 3D perovskite. The use of the multifunctional 2D perovskite (M2P) leads to improvement in PCE and long-term stability of PSCs both with and without organic hole transporting material (HTM), 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) compared to the devices without the M2P.