Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil obtained from Bupleurum marginatum (Apiaceae)

Abstract

Bupleurum marginatum is a herb indigenous to the southern and southwestern part of China. It is widely used in many Chinese prescriptions. We aimed to investigate the chem. compn., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and in-vitro cytotoxic activity of the hydrodistd. and extd. essential oil from B. marginatum to validate some of its ethnopharmacol. uses. The essential oil of the aerial parts of B. marginatum was analyzed by capillary gas chromatog. (GLC/FID) and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GLC/MS). The ability of the oil to reduce diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH·) and to prevent the degrdn. of deoxyribose were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Inhibition of both prostaglandin E2 prodn. and lipoxygenase were used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity. Antimicrobial activity was studied in vitro against a range of bacteria and fungi. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil on six human cancer cell lines (HepG2, Caco-2, CCRF-CEM, HeLa, MiaPaCa-2 and MCF-7) was examd. using the MTT assay. Seventy-two components, comprising almost 94.29% of the total peak area, were identified in the anal. The main components were tridecane (13.18%), undecane (10.42%), pentadecane (8.71%), β-caryophyllene (5.53%) and β-caryophyllene oxide (5.29%). The ability of the oil to reduce diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH·) and to prevent the degrdn. of deoxyribose were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the corresponding IC50 values (drug concn. which resulted in a 50% redn. in inhibition of the activity) were found to be 3.66 mg/mL and 17.4 μg/mL, resp. Inhibition of both prostaglandin E2 prodn. and lipoxygenase were used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 of 63.64 μg/mL for lipoxygenase, 26.04% inhibition of prostaglandin E2 at 25 μg/mL dose). The oil also showed a significant in-vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram pos. pathogens (Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae) with min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) values ranging from 0.125 up to 4.00 mg/mL. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil on six human cancer cell lines (HepG2, Caco-2, CCRF-CEM, HeLa, MiaPaCa-2 and MCF-7) examd. using the MTT assay revealed the highest activity to be in the CCRF-CEM cell line with an IC50 (concn. which resulted in a 50% redn. in cell viability) of 46.01 μg/mL after 24 h treatment. The essential oil of B. marginatum exhibited a promising anti-inflammatory activity along with strong cytotoxicity against many cancer cells (CCRF-CEM and HepG2) mediated through induction of apoptosis, and this in-vitro activity make its local traditional uses rational. However, its limited antimicrobial activity indicates that a combination with other drugs is essential for effective use. Further selectivity testing is required to evaluate the effect of the oil against normal cells. [on SciFinder(R)]