Recent Advancements in Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) and Anaesthetic Pharmacology

Abstract

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is an anaesthesia technique that exclusively employs intravenous agents for induction, maintenance, and emergence from anaesthesia, eliminating the need for inhalational agents. TIVA's principles, mechanisms, benefits, and emerging trends in anaesthetic pharmacology are discussed. Additionally, the challenges associated with TIVA implementation are explored. The article highlights the latest techniques, equipment, and novel intravenous agents used in TIVA, such as target-controlled infusion (TCI) systems, depth of anaesthesia monitoring, and new drugs like remimazolam, dexmedetomidine, and sugammadex. The article also emphasizes the potential benefits of TIVA, including improved hemodynamic stability, faster recovery, and reduced side effects. However, challenges such as cost, medication errors, and the learning curve of TCI systems are addressed. Furthermore, emerging trends in anaesthetic pharmacology, including opioid-sparing techniques, pharmacogenomics-based dosing, and novel analgesic agents, are discussed concerning their impact on TIVA practice. The integration of these advancements has revolutionized the field of anaesthesiology, offering clinicians safer and more precise anaesthesia delivery options. Ongoing research in anaesthetic pharmacology will continue to shape the future of TIVA, optimizing patient care and outcomes. Key words: Total intravenous anaesthesia, TIVA, anaesthetic pharmacology, advancements, intravenous agents, perioperative care..