Abstract
Chromosomes are structures composed of a DNA molecule and histone proteins that carry genetic information. They are located in the cell nucleus and become visible under light microscope during cell division. A karyogram is used to depict the number and structure of chromosomes, whereby a normal human karyogram has 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 homologous pairs. Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes lead to various genetic conditions and syndromes. Chromosomal deletions represent one of the most severe forms of chromosomal aberrations as they involve the loss of genetic material, causing severe disorders such as cri-du-chat, Wolf-Hirschhorn, Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. Prenatal diagnostic methods are used to check fetal growth and development and determine a type of fetal abnormality, if present, with commonly performed procedures including ultrasound, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling and cordocentesis. Final diagnosis is established through laboratory methods such as karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosomal microarray analysis.Kromosomi su strukture sastavljene od molekule DNA-a i histonskih proteina koji nose gensku informaciju. Nalaze se u jezgri stanice i postaju vidljivi pod svjetlosnim mikroskopom tijekom stanične diobe. Kariogram je grafički prikaz broja i strukture kromosoma, pri čemu normalni ljudski kariogram ima 46 kromosoma raspoređenih u 23 homologna para. Promjene u broju ili strukturi kromosoma uzrok su različitih genskih stanja i sindroma. Kromosomske delecije predstavljaju jedan od najtežih oblika kromosomskih aberacija jer uključuju gubitak genskog materijala, uzrokujući teške poremećaje kao što su sindrom cri du chat te Wolf-Hirschhornov, Prader-Willijev i Angelmanov sindrom. Prenatalne dijagnostičke metode primjenjuju se za provjeru fetalnog rasta i razvoja i određivanje vrste fetalne abnormalnosti, ako je prisutna, s uobičajenim postupcima koji uključuju ultrazvuk, amniocentezu, biopsiju korionskih resica i kordocentezu. Konačna dijagnoza postavlja se laboratorijskim metodama kao što su kariotipizacija, fluorescentna in situ hibridizacija i analiza kromosomskih mikročipova.
Cite
CITATION STYLE
Kocijan, I., & Strujić, A. (2024). Chromosomal deletion syndromes. Journal of Applied Health Sciences, 9(2), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.24141/1/9/2/13
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