Effect of Organic Manures and Molybdenum on Growth, Yield and Quality of Groundnut

Abstract

In the development and implementation of sustainable agriculture techniques, bio-fertilization is of great importance in order to alleviate deterioration of natural and environmental pollution. There is an increasing need for the management of the traditional processes of nutrient management, to result in higher nutrient concentration in soil and also to reduce environmental pollution. A considerable number of bacterial species are able to exert a beneficial effect on plant growth. Bio-fertilizers combined with organic manure influences the plant growth by enhancing root biomass; total root surface facilitates higher absorption of nutrients and increase in yield by reducing consumption of natural sources of energy. The organic fertilizers have proved that their application has the potential to increase the biomass and productivity of a wide range of crops. Hence, the research findings pertaining to these aspects on horticultural crops have been reviewed. Introduction Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in environmental friendly sustainable agricultural practices. In the development and implementation of sustainable agriculture techniques, bio-fertilization is of great importance in order to alleviate deterioration of natural and environmental pollution. A considerable number of bacterial species are able to exert a beneficial effect on plant growth. Such bacteria are generally designated as PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). The beneficial effects of these rhizobacteria on plant growth can be direct or indirect. Several mechanisms by which PGPR can act beneficially on plant growth are described. With activities secretion of growth hormones including (a) biofertilization, (b) stimulation of root growth, (c) rhizoremediation, and (d) plant stress control. Organic fertilization is very important in organic fruit production due to use of inorganic fertilizers is not possible. Therefore N2 fixing and phosphate solubilising bacteria, including Bacillus sp., Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Beijernckia sp., Pseudomonas sp. are widely used in organic plant growing. Organic farming is a new agricultural production system involves locally and naturally available organic materials or agro inputs to meet out the production system without endangering our precious natural resources. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved. The use of organic manures viz. farmyard manure, vermicompost forest litter and biofertilizers viz. Azotobacter, Phosphate solublizing bacteria reduce the cost of cultivation and supplement the secondary and micronutrients to crops. Bio-fertilizers combined with organic manure influences the plant growth by enhancing root biomass; total root surface facilitates higher absorption of nutrients and increase in yield by reducing consumption of natural sources of energy. The organic fertilizers have proved that their application has the potential to increase the biomass and productivity of a wide range of crops.