Measurement report: Inland ship emissions and their contribution to NOx and ultrafine particle concentrations at the Rhine

Abstract

Emission plumes of around 4700 ship passages were detected between March 2021 and June 2022 in the Upper Rhine Valley in Worms, Germany. In combination with ship-related data recorded via the automatic identification system (AIS), the plume composition of individuals ships was analyzed, and it was possible to quantify their contribution to the overall emission load. To obtain an integral picture of inland ship emissions, nitrogen oxide (NOxĝ€¯Combining double low lineĝ€¯NOĝ€¯+ĝ€¯NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements in the gas phase were combined with detailed particle-phase measurements including particle number concentration (PNC), particle size distribution (PSD) from 5ĝ€¯nm to 10ĝ€¯μm, particulate matter (PM1 and PM2.5), ultrafine particle fraction (UFP, diameterĝ€¯