FEMICIDE IN LATER LIFE: THE ROLE OF POLICY IN PREVENTION

Abstract

Severe family violence can result in injuries or death across the life course. Policy and structural conditions create cross-national variations, particularly in methods (such as use of firearm, asphyxiation or beatings) and outcome (i.e., survival versus fatalities). Utilizing multiple data sources, this research provides insight into prevalence and characteristics of lethal incidents in later life. According to 2012 U.S. FBI Supplemental Homicide Reports, eldercide (persons 60 and over) represents about 7.3% of the nearly 14,000 annual U.S. homicides. Gender patterns exist, where men are more often murdered, but the offenders tend to be acquaintances or strangers. Women’s killers are more likely current or former spouse/cohabitants, reflecting “femicide” among family members. Female vulnerability for those age 60 and over includes those who know they are endangered, as well as others who remain unaware. Perpetrators who are suicidal represent a unique threat to women in long term relationships, particularly those with no known history of violence. A sample of 225 U.S. intimate partner homicide suicide events illustrates cases where offenders varied in motives and lethal methods. For comparison purposes, international variations in elder fatalities are discussed, with special attention to firearm regulations and victim rights. Typical services for battered women, such as protective orders and shelters, may not be ideal for older victims. Prevention strategies to reduce male suicidality and limit firearm availability in cases of domestic violence or mental illness could help reduce U.S. femicide. Adaptations are important to adequately respond to the aging of the population.