RUGGEDNESS TESTING - PART II: RECOGNIZING INTERACTIONS.

Abstract

This paper is a continuation of the preceding article which introduced the reader to the general concepts of ruggedness testing. The current paper describes the effects of interactions on the measurement process, and presents procedures for the separation of the main effects from the two-factor interactions. The general characteristics of interactions are described in some detail. A short-cut procedure is presented for the calculations. A number of examples of glass electrode measurements of pH of dilute acid solutions are used to illustrate ruggedness testing procedures.