Exploring Bio-Based Monomers in Emulsion and Miniemulsion Polymerization

Abstract

Sustainability is a key priority in polymer synthesis, aiming to reduce reliance on nonrenewable resources by using greener components in the polymerization process. Emulsion polymerization stands out as an environmentally friendly method for producing polymers due to its utilization of water as a dispersant. The use of renewable, bio-based materials in emulsion polymerization formulations further enhances the process sustainability. This review examines recent advancements in bio-based monomers as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based monomers in emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization. These bio-based monomers include vegetable oils, lignin derivatives, terpenes, proteins, and carbohydrates. The most notable bio-based monomers from each category is examined, reviewing their incorporation into (mini)emulsion polymerization, the polymerization processes involved, the properties of the resulting products, and their diverse applications.