Leptin and insulin modulate nutrient partitioning and weight loss in ob/ob mice through regulation of long-chain fatty acid uptake by adipocytes

Abstract

Leptin treatment of ob/ob mice leads to weight loss appreciably greater than that in pair-fed mice. To test whether this "extra" weight loss is mediated by leptin-induced alterations in nutrient partitioning, the effects in ob/ob mice of subcutaneous leptin infusion (500 ng/h for ≤21 d) on adipocyte fatty acid uptake and transporter gene expression were examined. Mice were initially hyperinsulinemic (5.25 ± 1.57 nmol/L). Plasma insulin decreased by 55 ± 10% within 8 h of leptin infusion, declining progressively to normal by d 14. The Vmax for saturable adipocyte fatty acid uptake fell from 31.1 ± 5.6 to 25.2 ± 4.0 pmol/(s · 50,000 cells) (P > 0.05) by 24 h, and to a normal rate (8.0 ± 0.8 pmol/(s · 50,000 cells) by d 21 (P < 0.5 vs. normal C57BL/6J controls). Adipocyte mRNA levels for plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein and fatty acid translocase, putative fatty acid transporters that are up-regulated three- to fourfold in adipocytes from ob/ob mice, had also normalized by d 21. The initial changes in Vmax preceded decreases in food intake and body weight by at least 24 h. In pair-fed mice, insulin levels, Vmax and body weight all declined more slowly than in leptin-treated mice, and all remained significantly elevated compared with normal values at d 21. The data suggest that insulin up-regulates and leptin down-regulates adipocyte fatty acid uptake, leading to alterations in fatty acid partitioning that affect adiposity.