Influence of ceramic waste powder (CWP) in strength and durability performance of kenaf fiber reinforced concrete

Abstract

Considering the demand for a more resource efficient, cost effective and eco-friendly construction material, this innovative work aims at exploring the implication of deploying the combination of kenaf fiber and ceramic waste powder as partial river sand replacement on the concrete’s mechanical and durability characteristics. A two-phased experimental work is carried out. Initially, evaluating the impact of ceramic waste powder in varying proportions (20–80%) on the concrete’s mechanical attributes, followed by the impact of kenaf fiber (0–2%) + optimum ceramic waste powder content on the concrete properties. Mechanical Characteristics after underwater immersion of the specimen for 7, 14 and 28 days were analysed, revealing that a 20% ceramic waste powder substitution led to a 9.2% increase in compressive strength, a 19.1% increase in flexural strength, and a 2.7% increase in split tensile strength at 28 days. Phase two assessed kenaf fiber (0–2%) inclusion alongside 20% ceramic waste powder. A 1% fiber addition resulted in a 35.7% rise in flexural strength and an 18% increase in split tensile strength, although compressive strength slightly declined. Durability was evaluated using acid attack and rapid chloride penetration tests. The 20% ceramic waste powder + 0.5% kenaf fiber mix showed reduced strength and weight loss under acid attack and exhibited low chloride permeability. The investigation proved that at optimal combination level the deployment of ceramic waste powder and kenaf fiber in concrete has the capability to produce better durability and mechanical qualities while fostering sustainability through waste reduction and the use of natural fibre. Further, without compromising the structural performance, this investigation advances the creation of ecologically friendly building materials.